NEW YORK
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Third Annual Reception
and Hxhibit of
Recent Progress in Science in the
American Museum of Natural History
March 26th
1896
Conmnittees.
Honorary Committee of Members.
ADDISON BROWN, MORRIS KK JESUP;
CHARLES) PDAEY, SETH LOW,
WILLIAM E. DODGE, J. PIERPONT MORGAN,
Bol. GODKIN, OSWALD OTTENDORFER, ABRAM S. HEWITT, WILLIAM C. SCHERMERHORN.
Reception and Exhibition Committee.
J. J. STEVENSON, President of the Acadeyty. J. A. ALLEN, CHARLES F. COX, Ny Le BRITTON, WILLIAM HALLOCK, HENRY F. OSBORN, Chazrman.
_ Special Committee of Arrangements.
J. L. WORTMAN, HERBERT T. WADE.
General Committee
Puysics: WILLIAM HALLOCK anp HERBERT T. WADE, Evectricity: M. I. PUPIN.
PHOTOGRAPHY: CORNELIUS VAN BRUNT.
CHEMISTRY: MORRIS LOEB AnD C. E. PELLEW. Astronomy: HAROLD JACOBY.
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New York ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
FOUNDED: IN 1SiZ.
ORGANIZATION.
The Academy is fourth in point of age among the American scientific societies. It was organized in 1817 as the Lyceum of Natural History, and the present title was adopted in 1876. The constitution and organization are designed to make the Academy broadly representative of Science. The meetings and publica- tions of the Academy are therefore open to all departments of scientific research.
The former Presidents have been: Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill, 1817-1823. Professor John Torrey, 1824-1826; 1836. Major Joseph Delafield, 1827-1837; 1839-1865. Professor Charles A. Joy, 1866-1867. Professor John S. Newberry, 1868-1892. Professor O. B. Hubbard, 1892-1893. Dr. H. Carrington Bol- ton, 1893-1894. Professor John K. Rees, 1894-1896.
MEMBERSHIP.
Honorary Members are limited to fifty in number, and are elected from the representative scientific men of the world. Corresponding Members are also chosen from distinguished men in different parts of the world who engage in the prosecution of some branch of research, the results of which they are expected to communicate to the Academy from time to time. This list now includes over 300 names.
Fellows are chosen from among the Resident Members, in recognition of scientific attainments or services; they form the Council and the main working body, and conduct the business of | the Academy.
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Resident Membership is not restricted to specialists, but is open to those who take a general interest in science and desire to promote the work of the Academy by their subscriptions.
The Initiation Fee is $5, and the annual dues are $10. Pay- ment of these confers upon Members full privileges and the right to all publications. By payment of $100 a Member may become a Life Member, commuting his annual dues. Donors of $250 become Patrons, and have all the privileges of Life or Resident Members. ©
Resident and Corresponding Members are elected as fol- lows: The candidates are proposed publicly, in writing, at any meeting, by a Fellow or Member; and the nominations, together with the name of the person making them, are referred to the Council; if approved, the candidates may be elected by ballot at any succeeding business meeting.
PUBLICATIONS. ;
The publications of the Academy at present consist of three series— Zhe Annals, The Transactions and The Memoirs. Both are distributed to Members and Fellows, and are circulated in exchange for the publications of nearly all the foreign Acad- emies and learned Societies. The Annals opened in 1824 and are now in the ninth volume of the second series; altogether nineteen volumes have been issued. They contain the longer contributions and reports of researches, and have given world-wide reputation to the Academy. The Transactions were begun in 1881; they contain a record of the meetings, including abstracts of the shorter papers, and are now in the thirtieth volume. The Transactions appear regularly in signatures, or are sent in complete octavo volumes at the end of the year, according to the wishes of Members. Under the present system of printing, an author can secure immediate publication and distribution of a discovery in which it is important to establish priority. The present edition of both the Annals and Transactions is 1000. The Memoirs are issued in quarto form and are adapted to pa- pers requiring large plates or tabulations. They were begun in the current year and one number has been already issued.
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LIBRARY. The Library numbers over 18,000 titles, and is especially rich
in sets of the publications of American and Foreign Societies. In this respect it is one of the most complete in this country. It is now shelved in a special room of the Library building at Co- lumbia College, and is accessible to Members from § A. M. to 10 P. M., every day of the year.
MEETINGS.
The Academy at present enjoysthe hospitality of Columbia College in the use of Hamilton Hall. There is, however, no official connection between the Academy and the College. Meet- ings are held every Monday at § p. M., from October to May in- clusive. One evening of the month is given to a general busi- ness and scientific session. The other evenings are given to the Astronomical and Physical, Biological (Phfsiology, Zodlogy, Botany), Geological and Mineralogical sections. Other sections may be formed by a vote of the Council and one is now being organized in Philology and Philosophy. Each of the Sectional evenings is devoted mainly to respective papers and discussions. All the meetings are open to the public and are announced with the subjects of the papers to be read in the bulletins of the Scientific Alliance of New York.
POPULAR LECTURES.
The Academy is largely aided in its scientific work by its general membership, and the course of illustrated popular lec- tures arranged for each winter is specially for the benefit of the general Members and of the public. The subjects of the lec- tures are chosen from different branches of science, and are de- signed to present in a popular manner the latest results of re- search. Each member receives two. Course tickets, and addi- tional tickets can be procured. During the present year, 1895-6, the lectures are being delivered in the large lecture room of the Columbia Law School.
Persons desiring to jointhe Academy or support its scientific work by subscription should address,
THE SECRETARY, New York Academy of Sctence, CotumBia University, New York Ciry.
OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY,
1896-7. President. J. J. STEVENSON. First Vice-President, Second Vice-President, H. F. Ossorn. R. S. Woopwarop.
Corresponding Secretary, D. S. MARTIN. Recording Secretary, J. F. Kemp. Treasurer, C. F. Cox. Librarian, ARTHUR HOLLICK.
COUNCILLORS.
ees ue, cay: WI1LL1AM HALLock, N. L. Britton, Jj. Ko. REEs, R. E. Doves, WILLIAM STRATFORD. CURATORS. HG. Dvaxr; ls. | H. ‘LAvupy, Gk. ‘Kung, HEINRICH RIEs,
W. D. SCHOONMAKER.
FINANCE COMMITTEE.
Henry DupDLey, J. He Hinton; CorRNELIUS VAN BRUNT.
OFFICERS OF THE SECTIONS. SECTION OF ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS. R.S. Woopwarp, Chazrman. W. HaAtiock, Secretary.
SECTION OF BIOLOGY. J. G. Curtis, Chairman. C. L. BrisToi, Secretary.
SECTION OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. J. J. STEVENSON, Chairman. J. ¥F. Kemp, Secretary.
SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOLOGY.
(Organization not perfected before the Reception. )
ASTRONOMY. A
In CuHarce oF Haroip Jacosy.
1. PHoroGrapus Illustrating Objects Discovered at Harvard
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College Observatory. Exhibit of Harvard College Observatory, E. C. Pickering, Director.
. Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge Station. . Arequipa Station, elevation 8,o60 ft. El Misti in the
background.
. Summit of E] Misti, elevation 19,200 ft.
Meteorograph on El] Misti, records temperature, pres- sure, moisture, direction and velocity of wind for three months without winding.
. Bruce Photographic Telescope, aperture 24 inches.
Removal of Bruce Telescope to Peru.
Meteor trail. Arequipa, September 6, 1895.
No. 7, enlarged 6 times.
Portion of Moon.
Jupiter, Saturn.
Nebulosity surrounding 7 Carine, exposure 14 hours. Cluster w Centauri, exposure 6 hours. Contains 30 va- riable stars.
. Cluster in Canes Venatici [N. G. C. 5272]. Contains
87 variable stars. Cluster in Serpens [N. G. C. 5904]. Contains 46 va-
riable stars.
. Cluster in Serpens [N. G. C. 5904]. Taken two hours
later than No. 14 and showing change in brightness of several of the stars.
. Cluster in Sagittarius [N. G. C. 6656]. Contains 4
variable stars.
. New Star in Perseus, 1887. . New Star in Norma, 1893. . New Star in Carina, 1895.
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New Star in Centaurus, 1895.
. Spectra of Stars in vicinity of 7 Carine.
Spectra of Stars in cluster in Carina [N. G. C. 3532]. Discovery of new variable stars from their spectra. New Algol variable in Delphinus.
Light curves of variable stars.
. PHotocrapus of Planetary Spectra made with the Spectro-
scope of the Allegheny observatory. Exhibit of Prof. J.
E. Keeler, Allegheny, Pa.
These photographs were made either for the purpose of
determining the relative motion in the line of sight of dif- ferent parts of the surface of a planet, or for determining whether it is possible to detect the existence of an atmos- phere around a planet by absorption lines in its spectrum.
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Spectrum of Jupiter, region of Hy, October 16, 1892. No comparison spectrum.
Spectrum of Jupiter; region of yellow green, February 24, 1895. Sky spectrum for comparison. Original negative.
The obliquity of the planetary lines is due to the rota-
tion of Jupiter.
ae 4.
Positive Copy of (2).
Spectrum of Jupiter; region of D, February 26, 1895. Sky spectrum for comparison.
This spectrum extends far de/ow the principal water-
vapor band 0, which, however, does not appear on the photograph, as the negative was developed for the D lines.
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Spectrum of Saturn; focus on 45352. April 9, 1895. Lunar comparison spectrum. Original negative. First measurement of relative velocities in the system of Saturn. (Astrophysical Journal, May and June, 1895.) Spectrum of Saturn, April 28, 1895. Positive copy. Spectrum of Venus, April 23, 1895, with simultane- ously photographed sky spectrum. The planetary lines are displaced slightly toward the violet by the approaching motion of Venus.
Il.
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8. Spectrum of Venus, with simultaneously photographed sky spectrum, November 12, 1895. This photograph was made with a diffraction grating (3d spectrum, H;) and a camera of 28 in. focus, and shows the highest dispersion that it has been practicable to use so far. Made in connection with experiments, not yet com- pleted, on the possibility of determining the rotation period of Venus by spectroscopic methods.
9. Solar Spectrum, same apparatus as for No. 8, showing the definition of the instrument under favorable cir- cumstances. ;
10. Enlargement of Spectrum of Saturn, April 17, 1895.
11. Enlargement of Spectrum of Saturn, region of Hy, May 16, 1895. By Prof. W. W. Campbell, with the Lick Spectrograph. (Astrophysical Journal, August, 1895. )
S1x-incH EquaToRIAL TELESCOPE. New Model. IMPROVED FILAR MICROMETER.
PHOTOGRAPHS OF LARGE EQUATORIALS. Nos. 3-5 exhibited by Messrs. Warner & Swasey, Cleveland, O. SPECTROSCOPE to fit six-inch equatorial.
Very small SPECTROSCOPE.
HELIOSCOPE.
TELESCOPE OBJECTIVES.
ACCURATE PLANE and PARALLEL SURFACES.
No. 6-10 exhibited by J. A. Brashear, Allegheny, Pa.
Microscope THEODOLITE, by Wannschaff of Berlin, made 1895.
LANTERN SLIDES from original negatives'of the following obiects :
1. Eta Argus, from negatives made at the Cape of Good Hope Observatory by C. Ray Woods, under the direction of Dr. Gill. Exposure times vary from five minutes to twenty-five hours. For com- parison, Herschel’s drawing of 1834 will be shown.
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2. Variable star in Vela, several photographs, show- ing the variation of the star. 3. Specimen plates of the Astro-photographic Cata- logue and Chart work at the Cape of Good Hope Observatory. Nos. 11 and 12 exhibited by Columbia University Observa- tory, J. KoyRees, Director:
PHY SiCs. Es
In CHARGE OF WILLIAM HALLOCK.
1. Dippin PENTANE Lamp. Exhibited by Alexander C. Hum- phreys. The Standard of illumination adopted in Lon- don. It is approximately equal to to candles.
2 POLARISCOPE, special form designed by Prof. A. M. Mayer. Exhibited by the Department of Physics, of Columbia University.
3. Two Mirror Hetiostat. Designed by Prof. A. M. Mayer. Exhibited by the Department of Physics, of Columbia University.
4. APPARATUS FOR SHOWING THE VIBRATION OF A STRING. Designed by Prof. W. L. Robb. Exhibited by O. N- Rood.
APPARATUS FOR VoICcE ANALysis. A modification of the Keenig apparatus, with photographic record. Accom-
Sti
panied by a set of corresponding organ-pipes. 6. PHoToGraApus of the same vowel in typical voices. 7. PHoroGraPus of different vowels in the same voice.
8. APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHING THE VOCAL CorDs IN Action. A combination of laryngoscopic mirror, spe- cial Camera and Shutter.
10.
II.
Ls
. PHOTOGRAPHS OF VOCAL Corps IN ACTION ON DIFFERENT
PircHEs. Showing the rotation of the aretynoid carti- lages and consequent shortening of the vibrating jength of the cords.
Nos. 5-9, exhibited by W. Hallockand F. S. Muckey.
R6ONTGEN PHoTocrapus. Exhibited by W. L. Robb, W. W. Griscom and W. Le Conte Stevens.
RGNTGEN PHOTOGRAPHS AND APPARATUS. Exhibited by O. N. Rood.
. Ps—eupO-RONTGEN PuHoToGRAPHS. Exhibited by H. S.
Curtis. Made by sunlight through an ebonite slide.
. MAHLER’s MopiIFIcATION of Berthelot’s Calorimeter. Ex-
hibited by J. Struthers.
. THompson’s CALORIMETER. Exhibited by J. Struthers. . Lovisonp TINTOMETER. Exhibited by C. F. Chandler.
. Micro-STEROGRAPH. Exhibited by O. N. Rood. Taken
by a special method.
- MopIFICATION OF REGNAULT’S SpEciIFIC HEatT Appa-
RATuUS. Exhibited by the Department of Physics, of Columbia University.
EE CRRICEEY. C
In CHARGE oF M. I. PuPin.
1. APPARATUS for studying long electric waves, and curves,
plotted from experimental data, illustrating the distribu-- tion of long electric waves along a conductor. Exhibited by Prof. M. I. Pupin.
An alternating electric current is propagated along a long conducting line, say a telephone wire, by a series of progressive waves. The exhibit represents an artificial conductor of 500 miles in length corresponding to a long distance telephone line of the same length and the meas-
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7 urements obtained with it represent the first experimental data that have ever been obtained in this field of electric research.
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ApparATUuS for studying the magnetic lag in closed magnetic circuits and diagrams, plotted from experimental data, recording the results obtained. Exhibited by Chas. T. Rittenhouse, Fellow in Electricity, Columbia University.
When iron is magnetized by a rapidly varying force the magnetization does not keep in step with the force, but lags behindit. This lag is due to induced currents in the mass of the iron and to internal viscosity; it is especially strong in closed magnetic circuits, and increases with the increase of the speed of the magnetizing force, but dimin- ishes with the increase of temperature.
3. APPARATUS employed for generating the radiant energy dis-
covered by Professor Réntgen. Exhibited by Prof. M. I) Popir.
A rotating current interruptor and induction coil and different types of Crooke’s and electrodeless tubes.
4. SILHOUETTES or RapioGRAPHS obtained by the Rontgen
method. Exhibited by several physicists whose names
are attached to the several exhibits.
CHEMISTRY. 1
In CHARGE oF C. E. PELLEW AND Morris LOEB.
rt. ArRGon AND Hetium. Exhibited by Charles E. Pellew and Samuel A. Tucker.
Argon and Helium are two newly discovered elements of the Nitrogen group. Argon occurs in minute particles in the atmosphere. ;
Helium was first discovered by the spectroscope, in the atmosphere of the sun, and more recently has been pre- pared in bulk from Monazite and other minerals.
_ Nn
The exhibit shows tubes of Argon and Helium, ren- dered incandescent by the electric spark, so as to exhibit the characteristic spectra.
Also tubes containing large amounts of Helium, and the apparatus for preparing Helium from Monazite.
2. Norman Heptyit SutrocyaniwE. Exhibited by Marston T. Bogert, of the Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Mines, Columbia University.
This compound, hitherto unknown, was prepared by the exhibitor in January, 1896. Its graphic formula is:
GH (ena SON: Sp Gr. = 0.931 @,. 15° €. Bs P= 230-234° C. When freshly distilled, it forms a colorless oil, which gradually turns yellow when exposed to light and air.
PHOTOG RAPTLTY. =)
In CHARGE OF CORNELIUS VAN BrRuNT.
1. AnTI-HALo, for preventing halation, with plate coated and plates showing the difference.
2. META-CARBOL, a new developing material, with bottle of developer and negatives.
3. STIPPLE PLATES, the use of which will prevent retouching. These are to be used in contact with the plates during exposure in the camera, with prints illustrating the same.
4. OLMSTED’s LANTERN SLIDE MATS, from which any design or size of Mat can be cut without the aid of a ruler.
5. Wywnne’s Exposure METER, a pocket apparatus for giving the correct time of exposure.
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9.
10.
13.
14.
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DALMEYER BERGHEIM PORTRAIT LENSE.
DALMEYER STIGMATIC LENSE.
Nos. 1-7 exhibited by E. and H. T. Anthony.
New Puotrocrapuic APPARATUS. Exhibited by Scoville & Adams Co.
Hicu-ciass and. NovEL ‘‘ PRojECTION APPARATUS.” Ex- hibited by J. B. Colt & Co.
New LANTERNS and apparATus. Exhibited by Charles
Beseler.
. SAMPLES OF ARTOTYPE, in color.
. SAMPLES OF FACSIMILE. Nos. 11 and 12 exhibited by Edward Bierstadt.
PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS, in three colors. Exhibited by Edw. Leaming, M. D.
24 PHOTOGRAPHS OF ‘‘ LIGHTNING.” Exhibited by W. N.
Jennings.
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First photograph of lightning ever taken, to prove that the discharge is wavy, not zzgzag, as usually repre- sented by artists. Taken September 2, 1882, at Philadelphia.
Photograph clearly demonstrating the truth of the ‘¢wavy line” theory of lightning.
Artificial lightning (Holtz machine discharged) for comparison with real ‘* Jersey Lightning.”
Divided discharge (forked lightning).
‘¢‘ Branched” lightning, explaining ‘‘tree marks” often found upon the bodies of persons struck by light- ning.
Artificial ‘* branched” discharge (the spark from a Holtz machine flashed directly across the face of the photographic plate, no lens being employed).
. Parallel discharges. Stratification due to movement
of conducting path by the wind.
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8. Holtz machine ‘‘ Brush” discharge (Photographic plate being placed horizontally between the elec- trodes), showing electric ‘* lines of force.”
g. Holtzmachine spark (plate being placed vertically be- tween the electrodes), showing electric ‘‘ lines of foree:”
10. Meandering discharge. Illustrating the service of trees during a thunder storm—to dissipate, neutralize or conduct the discharge.
11. ** Beaded” or ‘* Rosary” lightning. Supposed to be the track of a rotating ball of fire moving through space. A ‘* thunderbolt.”
12. ** Beaded” or ** Rosary ” lightning.
3. Two parallel discharges branching from a main stem.
14. Radial lightning. The discharge having the appear- ance of heat-cracked glass.
15. Collision of two discharges in mid-air, and the produc- tion of ** thunderbolts.”
16. **Ribbon” lightning. (An oscillating discharge moved by the wind.) Caught on the prairie of North Dakota at midnight from the rear platform of an express train.
15. REPRODUCTION OF THE THREE CoLor Process. Negatives and plates untouched by hand. Examples are from Life, Nature, Still Life, Paintings, produced by the N. Y. Photogravure Company. Exhibited by Ernest Edwards.
16. RADIOGRAPHS WITH ‘‘ ROENTGEN” Rays, and other photo-
graphs. Exhibited by John S. McKay.
1. Photographs of Apparatus used in producing Réntgen rays. .
2. Radiographs of hand containing bullet. Frog with broken leg. Bird with shot in body.
3- Radiographs showing skeletons of small animals. Frog, turtle, salamander, etc.
4. Radiographs showing relative capacity to ‘‘ Réntgen rays” of various solids and liquids.
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Ke Electrographs of Coins taken in the dialectric of a condensor.
6. Photograph of bottom of developing tray broken in a dark room, upon plates which had been exposed to ** Réntgen” rays.
7. Radiographs of a Key taken at more than six feet from vacuum tube.
17. Arc Lamp For PHOTOGRAPHY, Which operates under con- ditions of absolute steadiness for all photographic pur- poses.
18. SCREEN FOR DIFFUSING LIGHT, assuming many different shapes by a touch. Nos. 17 and 18 exhibited by the International Lamp Co.
GEOLOGY: i:
IN CHARGE OF J. J. STEVENSON.
I. Suite of Orrs, Rocks and PHoToGRaApus from Cripple Creek, Colorado. Exhibited by Prof. J. F. Kemp. The ore deposits are oftenest associated with dikes of phonolite or nepheline-basalt that penetrate the red gran- ite of the Pike’s Peak region, or a decomposed breccia of andesite. They also line in veins which fill more or less irregular fissures in the andesite breccia away from dikes. The ores are fresh or decomposed telluride of gold.
This district was described before the Academy, Feb- ruary 7, 1896.
2. Suite of Ores, Rocks and PHoroGrapus from the Bertha and Wythe Zinc mines, in southwest Virginia. Exhib- ited by Prof. J. F. Kemp. The Siluro-Cambrian lime- stone has been originally charged with zinc blende and pyrites at the Bertha mines, and with these and galena at the Wythe mines. It has decomposed, leaving a residual
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clay. The zinc blend has yielded calamine, a hydrated silicate of zinc, that has leached down and formed incrus- tations on the undecomposed limestone.
These mines were described to the Academy Novem-
ber 18, 1895.
3. Suite of SpecrmENs from Essex County, N. Y., showing the development of crushed and brecciated rocks and gneisses from. originally massive igneous forms. Exhibited by Prof. J. F. Kemp. The specimens are the labradorite rock and gabbros from the Adirondacks. No. 1 shows a massive, coarsely crystalline aggregate of dark crystals of labradorite from Lake Sanford; in No. 2 and following numbers the minerals are more and more crushed until only a pulp of the original rock is left in No. 13. Nos. 14-19 show the development of gneissoid forms; Nos. 20 and following exhibit the passage of massive gabbro into hornblende gneiss. The changes were brought about by dynamic metamorphism.
4. Series of Rock SpEcIMENS, Maps and Puotrocrapus illus- trating the geology of Mount Desert Island, Maine, and vicinity. Exhibited by Theodore G. White, Geological Department, Columbia University.
This embraces the original metamorphosed, unfossil- iferous slates, through which the following rocks were ejected: The red granite, forming the central core of the: island; rhyolites, varying in type and structure; repre- sentatives of a few of the dikes; ores and associated rocks from the Blue Hill and Cape Rosier, Maine, copper mines; contorted quartzose schists from Blue Hill.
5. Set of Rocks from the southern portion of the Boston Basin, Mass., collected by Prof. W. O. Crosby. Exhibited by Theodore G. White.
This series embraces the Paradoxzdes slates of Brain- tree; the Quincy hornblendic granite; biotitic granite ; diorites and dioritic granites; flow and_ porphyritic’
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rhyolites of the Blue Hills and their gradations; the mel- aphyr outflow and accompanying conglomerates of Hough’s Neck; selections from the dikes.
6. Series of SpEciMENS from Montreal, Canada. Collected and exhibited by Theodore G. White. 1. Mile-End quarries; Trenton and Chazy limestone. 2. Corporation quarries; eleolite syenite and associated limestone, slates, granites and dikes. The elzolite syenite here cuts the Trenton limestone and is older than the Helderberg, because boulders of it are found in the Hel- derberg conglomerate.
7. BauxirE and AssociaTED CLays from northwestern Georgia and northeastern Alabama with photographs of the mines. Exhibited by Heinrich Ries.
This material, which is used for the manufacture of alum and aluminum, occurs ina belt about 40 miles long. Its formation is due to the action of hot springs.
8. Dixes from Dorset Mt., Vt. Exhibited by Heinrich Ries. These dikes are found in the marble quarries at several points.
g. VARIEGATED MarsLEs from Swanton, Vt. Exhibited by Heinrich Ries.
10. A series of GNerssic Rocks and Dixkes from the Highlands. of Orange Co., N. Y. Exhibited by Heinrich Ries.
The Highlands of Orange Co., N. Y., are composed
of a series of gneisses and gneissic rocks with occasional interbedded limestones and deposits of magnetite. These rocks are cut by many dikes of diabase and diorite. They will be described in the report of the State Geologist for 1895-
11. Kaourns from North Carolina, collected by J. A. Holmes. Exhibited by Heinrich Ries.
12. Porpuyritic GNeEiss and InTrusive Rocks of the Cort- landt series from Bedford village, Westchester Co., N. Y- Exhibited by L. M. Luquer and Heinrich Ries.
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This peculiar phase is marked with the development of phenocrysts of feldspar. They were furthermore pene- trated by gabbroitic rocks. These latter represent a new and undescribed extension of the Cortlandt series to the eastward.
13. SERIES of Coats from Madrid, New Mexico. Exhibited by Erol.) J. J. Stevenson: These are from the Old Placer coal field and show the passage from bituminous to anthracite coal. 14. Specimens of AspHaLT from Indian Territory. Exhibited by Prof. J. J. Stevenson. This material is obtained from the Upper Carboniferous beds of south-central Indian Territory. 15. A series of LrEap and Zinc Ores from Joplin, Mo. Ex-
Ge
hibited by Prof. J. J. Stevenson.
A series of Rock Sat SPECIMENS, collected from central New York by C. Q. Freeman. Exhibited by Prof. J. J.
Stevenson.
MINERALOGY. G
In CHARGE OF EpmuND Otis Hovey. . LorANDITE, with REeatGar, Macedonia. A compound of Tl, As and S, a new mineral.
OLIVENITE, Centennial Mine, Tintic Dist., Utah. Very fine crystals.
.
. SYLVANITE, Cripple Creek, Colorado.
4. GripuiTE, Riverton Lode, near Harney City, S. D. A rare,
problematical phosphate of Al, Mn, Ca, Na, etc.
. ARGYROPYRITE and PyrarGyrirTE, Freiberg, Saxony.
16.
18.
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LITHIOPHORITE, Rengersdorf, Germany. A manganese ore containing lithium.
PowELtitTE, Calumet, Mich. <A new locality for this rare mineral.
AEGIRITE, Langesund, Norway. A fine, large crystal. EPISTILBITE, Bernfiord, Iceland.
Opa, Frankenstein, Silesia. Green.
CassITERITE, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia.
KyLINDRITE, Santa Cruz Mine, Poopé, Bolivia. Pb,Sb,- Sn,S,- A new mineral.
SuLPHuR, Japan. Contains tellurium. BariTE, Silver Plume, Colorado. A large crystal. BariumM-FE.tpspar, Grythyltan, Sweden.
ASBEFERRITE, Grythyltan, Sweden. An iron-manganese amphibole.
GANOMALITE, Nordmarken, Sweden. A rare silicate of lead, calcium and manganese.
MANGANHISINGERITE, Silfberg, Sweden. MANGANAPATITE, Horrsjoberg, Sweden. MANGANBRUCITE, Nordmarken, Sweden. MANGANOSTIBIITE.
BIHARITE, Rezbanya.
CARPHOSIDERITE, Romanche, France. VESZELYITE, Vaseo.
Wap, Romanche, France. Var. Groroitlite.
MuscovirTE, Lincoln Co., N. C. Transparent green crys tals.
APoOPHYLLITE, Paterson, N. J.
ZirRcON, Ceylon. Cut gems.
33°
34-
=) ANDALUSITE, Brazil. Cut gem.
Rusy, Paris, France. Artificial production.
. WHEWELLITE, Zwickau, Saxony.
THAuMASITE, Areskuta, Sweden.’ From the original lo- cality. Compare with that from West Paterson, N. J., recently discovered.
CaucirE, Richelsdorf, Hesse. Calc-sinter colored by co-
balt.
Ca.ciTE, Richelsdorf, Hesse. Calc-sinter colored by cop- per.
. CROcIDOLITE, Cochabamba, Bolivia. New locality. . Gop, Verespatak, Hungary.
. PHOSGENITE, Monte Poni, Sardinia. On galenite.
. MELANOPHLOGITE, Ragalmuto, Sicily. On sulphur. . Lautire, Nr. Marienberg, Saxony. With arsenic.
. PHOLERITE, Kohlendorf, Sweden. A form of kaolinite.
With millerite.
. GALENOBISMUTITE, Falun, Sweden. Contains selenium. . TELLURIUM, Nagyag, Transylvania. With nagyagite. . Tac, Thiersheim, Bavaria. Pseudomorph after quartz.
. Tatc, Thiersheim, Bavaria. Pseudomorph after dolomite.
A collection illustrating the association of minerals in the pegmatite veins near Bedford, N. Y.
. URANINITE and URANOTILE. . AUTUNITE.
. MENACCANITE (ILMENITE). . TOURMALINE.
. GARNET.
) QuanTz, ia, White
jo"
a7"
60.
. FELDSPAR ‘‘augen’
24
6, Rose. c, Smoky. FELDSPAR.
FELDSPAR and QuarRTz intergrowth forming ‘‘ Graphic granite.”
in gneiss.
. MUSCOVITE.
. BIOTITE.
Nos. 1 to 57 exhibited by the Mineralogical Depart- ment of Columbia University, through Prof. Thomas Eg- leston and Dr. Lea MclI. Luquer.
. ORTHOCLASE, very large crystals, with specimens of asso-
ciated minerals from veins of coarse pegmatite on the north shore of Long Island Sound.
Collected (1895) and exhibited by Prof. J. F. Kemp, Columbia University.
TourMALINE. Bethel, Conn. A very large crystal. Ex- hibited by Prof. E. S. Dana, Yale University.
Frporow UnIvEerRSAL MicroscoPpE STAGE, combined with the KLEIN ‘‘ UNIVERSAL-DREHAPPARAT ;” made by R. Fuess in Berlin after the plans of Prof. E. von Fedorow, of Moscow, and Prof. C. Klein, of Berlin.
This apparatus, if placed on the stage of a polarizing microscope, allows the object, whether a thin section of a rock or mineral or a small crystal, to be placed at al- most any angle to the axis of the microscope, for by means of the two axes of revolution, in addition to the usual horizontal revolution of the stage of the microscope about the axis of the instrument, we are able to revolve the object about three axes at right angles to each other, and hence bring almost any direction in it parallel to the axis of the microscope, subject of course to the necessary limitations to the extent of the motion which the condi-
62.
70. a1. vee 73:
bo mn
tions impose. This is especially useful in studying the optical properties of minerals in thin sections, as illus- trated by the present arrangement of the instrument and the first cut accompanying it.
The other part, the ‘‘ Universal Drehapparat,” consists of a small glass vessel for holding a highly refracting fluid in which the section or crystal is immersed after being fastened on a small movable holder which permits adjust- ment to the axes of revolution of the apparatus. . The microscope is placed horizontally, as shown in the second cut, and the observations made with the same possibility of revolution on three axes, whether for optical study or the measurement of the angles of crystals. A special long focus condensing lens and similar objective accompany the instrument, which allow space for the revolution of the object.
Exhibited by the Department of Mineralogy and Petrog- raphy of Harvard University through Prof. J. E. Wolff.
DANBuRITE, Russell, N. Y. Twelve specimens showing the variation in form.
TOURMALINE, @, white, DeKalb, N. Y. 6, yellow, DeKalb, N. Y. c, brown, Gouverneur, N. Y.
d, blacks Pierrepont, N. Y.
WERNERITE, Pierrepont, N. Y.
WERNERITE, Bedford, Ontario. WERNERITE, Burgess, Ontario. APATITE, Burgess, Ontario.
APATITE, Eganville, Ontario. APATITE, Bedford, Ontario.
TREMOLITE, Gouverneur, N. Y.
74-
75:
"6.
ie
78.
79:
26
HoRNBLENDE, Russell, N. Y. Nos. 62 to 74, fifty specimens, exhibited by Prof. A. H. Chester, Rutgers College.
PyroxENE, Tilly Foster mine, Brewster’s, N. Y. A new form and very large for this locality.
CARBIDE OF ALUMINUM, crystals formed in an electrical furnace.
Nos. 75-76, exhibited by Heinrich Ries.
THE PHOSPHORESCENCE OF THE DIAMOND. Apparatus de- signed to show this peculiar feature of some stones by electric are light. The phenomenon is thought to be due to the presence of a new hydrocarbon compound to which the name ¢¢ffanyzte has been given. A phosphorescent liquid is introduced for comparison, and some non-phos-
phorescent diamonds for contrast. Exhibited by George F. ciKunz.
APpoPpHYLLITE, Bernfiord, Iceland. Crystals showing the planes, O07, 200, 310, ZII, I12.
HeEvLANDITE, Bernfiord, Iceland. Crystals showing ozo, OOT, 110, 207, 20F, O21, 77T.
StiLBiTE, Bernfiord, Iceland.
Muscovite. Henry Lincoln Co., N. C. Crystals. PHENACITE, Mt. Antero, Colorado. Twinned crystals. PHENACITE, Mt. Antero, Colorado. Shows basal plane.
CHABAZITE, West Paterson, N. J. Shows basal plane. Nos. 78 to 84 exhibited by Lazard Cahn. Specimens from a new locality at West Paterson, N. J. :
HEvULANDITE and APOPHYLLITE, two specimens belonging together.
HEvuLANDITE, large aggregation in the form of a geode. HEULANDITE and CHABAZITE.
HEvuLANDITE, red and white in one aggregation.
27 HEULANDITE, individual crystals. HEULANDITE, @, green. 6, white. é;-red.
ANALCITE on PECTOLITE. APopHYLLITE, large group of primitive crystals. APOPHYLLITE, primitive crystals. APOPHYLLITE, two large modified crystals. CaLciTE, twin showing an etched face. CALCITE, cleavage piece. CHABAZITE, a, brown.
6, white.
G, OTeens
d, red. DATOLITE with PREHNITE. LAUMONTITE. LAUMONTITE with twinned calcite. PREHNITE, distinct crystals, very rare. PECTOLITE.
PECTOLITE, sections of a sphere coated and SSS St with calcite and quartz.
PECTOLITE.
QuarRTZz, pseudomorph after pee. showing moulds of natrolite crystals.
NATROLITE.
- STILBITE.
STILBITE, @, individual crystals.
__ 6, sheaf-like form of ageregation., Nos. 85 to 114 exhibited by A. H. Ehrman, Brooklyn.
oe
ios.
123),
124.
1
126.
127. 128.
129. 130.
130.
28
CyaniTE, Death Rapids, Columbia River, British Colum- bia. Extraordinarily large blades in schist. Collected (1895) and exhibited by Frank L. Nason, New Bruns- wick, N. J.
HANKSITE, Borax Lake, California. A large cluster.
BornitTe, North Carolina. ©
Quartz, Organ Mountains, N. M. Shows phantom.
CatciTE, Burnet, Texas. Shows phantom.
LiGNiITE, New Jersey. Contains siliceous casts of Zeredo navalts.
BaritE, New Brunswick, N. J. Orange colored crystals.
PyriTE Batts, South River, N. J. Nos. 116 to 122 exhibited by John A. Manley, New Brunswick, N. J.
TOURMALINE, I7Ist street and Ft. Washington avenue, New York City. An unusually large crystal in its matrix.
XENOTIME, same locality. Three very large crystals in the matrix.
MownaziTE, same locality. A large crystal in its matrix and a detached group.
XENOTIME, 184th street and Harlem River Speedway, New York City.
AZURITE, Bisbee, Ariz.
’
STALAGMITE, Bisbee, Ariz. From the famous cave in the Copper Queen mine.
STALAGMITE, Bisbee, Ariz. Cut section, polished. HeuictTirEs, Bisbee, Ariz. Strangely curved stalactites.
Quartz, Madrone, Santa Clara county, Cal. Two coat- ings of iridescent, drusy crystals.
Nos. 123 to 131, exhibited by the Department of Geology, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
I4I.
29
. THAUMASITE, West Paterson, N. J. Described from this
locality in the Amerzcan Journal of Science for
March, 1596, by S. L. Penfield and J. H. Pratt.
. LoranpiTE, Macedonia. A new thallium mineral.
. TOURMALINE, Connecticut.
From recent finds in southwestern Missouri. GALENITE, CALCITE and SPHALERITE, Joplin. SPHALERITE, Carterville. Very light colored. Iridescent.
. 2
LEADHILLITE and CALAMINE, Granby.
. CaLAmINE, Aurora.
Marcasite, Aurora. Stalactites of fantastic form. Nos. 132 to 139 exhibited by Geo. L. English & Co.
. LAwsoNITE, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin Co., Cal. A
newly described silicate of Ca and Al. Three groups of orthorhombic crystals showing variety of habit. Vd.
Am. Jour. Sci., July, 1895.
NortuuPiTE, Borax Lake, California. A newly discov- ered chloro-carbonate of Na and Mg. Eight octohedral crystals exhibiting variety of marking and grouping. Described by W. M. Foote, in Am. Jour. Sci., Decem- ber, 1895.
. OPALIZED woop, Idaho. <A recent discovery of material
remarkable for the perfection with which all the struc- tural peculiarities of the wood have been preserved. Six sections, three of which have been polished.
LEADHILLITE, Granby, Missouri. Three pseudomorphs. after galenite and calcite.
. Catcire, Amethystine Iceland spar showing bands of in-
cluded marcasite crystals.
. CHALCOPYRITE, southwest Missouri. On dolomite (pearl
spar).
30
RUuTILE in QUARTZ, San Francisco Riv., Brazil. ‘‘Fleches Very fine.
”
d’ amour. SPH £ROSTILBITE, Oregon. CHABAZITE, Oregon. THOMPSONITE, Oregon.
Haire, Nr. Borax Lake, Calfornia. A suite of twelve transparent cubo-octahedral crystals.
Hauire,* Nr. Borax Lake, California. Two groups of pale yellow and pink cubic crystals showing peculiar cavernous faces.
THENARDITE, Nr. Borax Lake, California. Two groups of unusually large crystals.
HanksiTE, Nr. Borax Lake, California. Group of very large, brilliant crystals.
DysANALYTE, brilliant black crystals in gangue.
Opa, Washington State. Green mottled with red. Three specimens, one of which is polished; from a new locality.
ENDLICHITE, Lake Valley, New Mexico. A rare variety of vanadinite in which arsenic has replaced half of the vanadium.
Nos. 140 to 156, forty-eight specimens, exhibited by Dr. A. E. Foote (W. M. Foote, Mngr.), Philadelphia.
Turquoise, Cerro de Potosi, Bolivia. ‘Three pseudo- morphs after orthoclase, simple and twinned.
PyriTE, Cerro de Potosi, Bolivia. Two pseudomorphs after orthoclase. Nos. 157, 158 exhibited by Frederick A. Canfield, Dover, Ny.
31
PHYSIOGCR APE YS H
In CHARGE oF R. E: DopcGe:
1. A collection of the best and more recent scientific school
and college text-books on the subject of Physiography. Loaned by the publishers.
2. Acollection of relief models loaned by E. E. Howell, maker, Washington, D. C.
a.
b.
St: roe
Topographical model of the United States and ad- jacent ocean bottoms, showing curvature of the earth. The same showing influence of physical features of the United States on the distribution of rainfall. Topographic model of the State of Connecticut. Topographic model of New Jersey.
The same colored to show the relation of the ge- ology to the physical features.
Topographic model of the vicinity of C!.cttanooga, Tenn.
The same to show the relation of geology to physi- cal features.
easy collection of illustrative models for use in teaching.
a.
Three models showing stages of development of topography in the down cutting of streams on a coastal plain. j Two models showing effects of depression and ele- vation upon a land well worn down previously. Three models showing development of form and drainage in a region made by faulting, as in lava blocks of Oregon.
Two models showing effect upon topography and drainage of the oncoming of a glacier.
Six models showing development of topography and drainage in a land made by volcanic action and
b.
h.
32
then worn down after the volcanoes have become extinct. Six models, in pairs, showing the interaction of neighboring streams in wearing down a region. Note adjustment of drainage to structure of rocks. Three models showing formation of alluvial plain, the later conversion into a terraced valley and final